The Psychology of Sigmund Freud Essay - 2210 Words

Sigmund Freud is one of the most controversial psychologists in history to this day, yet his theories and ideas are widely known. Freud made a crucial contribution to the study of understanding hidden human motivation (Lippman, 1996). â€Å"Hardly any discipline of thought has remained unaffected by the Freudian revolution but the impact has also been uncertain† (Pollack, 1984). Freud was also known as too important to ignore, but too impossible to digest (Pollack, 1984). Freud’s theories are criticized because his theories are very far fetched and his ideas potentially make many people feel uncomfortable, but that could be exactly the point that Sigmund was trying to convey (Liff, 1998). It was said â€Å"He was a disturber of the status quo and†¦show more content†¦Psychoanalysis was viewed as a form of social therapy (Pollack, 1984). Because of the lack of empirical evidence towards psychoanalysis, many believed Freud was driven by the idea of becoming famo us (Moore, 1994). Critics stated he â€Å"interpreted evidence retrospectively to suit his theories and dismissed criticism with rhetorical flourishes† (Moore, 1994). He was known to get his patients to sacrifice themselves for his new ideas about psychoanalysis and cared little about their life afterwards or if the treatment was in fact effective (Moore, 1994). One man who was a patient of Freud’s stated â€Å"I am in the same state as when I first came to Freud, and Freud is no more† (Moore, 1994). To contrast the criticisms of psychoanalysis as a whole, therapy has been widely used for many years as a way to alleviate stress in people who have had a negative past. Freud stated that psychoanalysis didn’t work on everyone, and that it didn’t alleviate all the pain inside a person (Webster, 2010). Freud said â€Å"The aim is modest: it is to turn neurotic misery into common unhappiness† (Webster, 2010). Freud’s theories were based on careful and consistent observations of his clients and on himself (Liff, 1998). Psychoanalysis, although it has been altered to benefit patients more, is still used today. Therapy is a widely used technique to help people better their lives and release their fearsShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud : The Psychology World1482 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis who took the psychology world by storm. He is regarded as one of the most influential, and controversial, min ds of the twentieth century who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia known today as Pribor in the Czech Republic. He grew up in a not so traditional family setting with his parents, two stepbrothers, and nephew. He was theRead MoreSigmund Freud : The Field Of Psychology1924 Words   |  8 PagesOne of the most profound intellectuals in the field of psychology is Sigmund Freud. Though many may have never even heard his name, he is a well-respected and studied asset to modern day psychology history and teachings. Sigmund Freud, born on May 6th 1856 in Freiberg, Austria, was a prominent neurologist and psychiatrist. Born into a Jewish family originally from Bohemia, then forced to flee to Vienna, Freud showed his intelligence and thirst for knowledge at an early age reading Shakespeare atRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 Pages06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as an intellectual giant.† (www.muskingumRead MoreSigmund Freud And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1636 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The reading of personality has a thick layer of theories in psychology and is one of the most important fragments of psychological history to this day. This paper will compare and contrast the differences between the great theories of the psychodynamic theory from Sigmund Freud and the humanistic theory from Carl Rogers. These two theorists have different views of how personality is developed, with both theorists influencing the world of psychological personality to this day. DisputesRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Influence On Psychology751 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud was born, May 6, 1856, and died 23 September, 1939. He was beyond a doubt one of the founding fathers of modern psychology. Sigmund Freud examined the human mind more in depth than anyone before him. His contributions to psychology are immeasurable. He was very influential throughout the twentieth century. His theories, and research have influenced not only psychology, but many other areas of culture, including the way people raise their children even today. Freud influenced languageRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (OverskeidRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this ideaRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologists

Managing Organizational Behavior And Management - 1720 Words

Managing organizational behavior Managing organizational behavior is a complex issue which requires application of various managerial skills and competencies. In order for the management to be effective in carrying out its functions of controlling, leading, planning and organizing which more often than not involve the participation of the non-managerial staff, it needs to be effective in managing the behavior of its employees. Effective motivation of employees and observation of ethics in dealing with the staff greatly influences the effectiveness of the management. This paper is going to use a real life example from an experience I had while doing a part time job at a certain organization to illustrate the relevance of ethics and effective behavior management in organizations. The paper will also give suggestions of solutions that can be used to deal with the problem in the case study and other relevant problems in organizations. This paper will be discussed while paying close attention to the managerial concepts and theories as learned in class. Life experiences and encounters in organizations go a long way in helping one to understand and interpret the managerial theories and concepts learned in class. My most applicable case as far as the concepts and theories learned in class has to do with a particular hotel in Los Angeles where I was working as a part time employee after high school. It was a mid-sized hotel with 12 employees. I used to work as a cashier andShow MoreRelatedStudy of Organizational Behavior and the Effective Management of People948 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Kseniia Derkach Organizational Behavior I believe that the relationship between the study of Organizational Behavior and the effective management of people in organizations is absolutely direct. It is impossible to manage people in organization effectively without knowledge about OB, organizational structure, communicational skills, empoyees’ satisfaction, motivation, change process, etc. It is impossible to solve any problem or conflict in the organization without understanding of the rulesRead MoreMGT 312 Entire Course1103 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper       Write  a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. Explain the main components of organizational behavior.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? Include  at least two scholarly citations from the library.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior PaperRead MoreEssay on MBA detail course outline1314 Words   |  6 Pages(Evening): 1.5 years (Quarters, 3, 4, 7, 8 14) General Management 1st Quarter Effective : Spring Quarter 2011 Human Resource Management Finance Accounting Banking Finance †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Organizational Communication †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Principles of Management †¢ Research Methods †¢ Research Methods †¢ ResearchRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreMgt 312 Entire Course Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. †¢ Explain the main components of organizational behavior. MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper †¢ Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. †¢ How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? Include at least two scholarly citations from the library. MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational BehaviorRead MoreOrganization Theory And Public Management811 Words   |  4 PagesMemo 1: Student name: Hoan Thi La M number: M00257054 Class: POL674 Organization Theory and Public Management – Jonathan R. Tompkins Summary of Chapter 1: In this chapter, Tompkins stated an overview about organization theory and how to learn this theory. To begin with, he explained definition of a complex organization and their role in society. Then, he discussed definition of organization theory and the reason why managers need to learn and understand this theory. The approach which the authorRead MoreThe Attributes Of Managing Organizational Behavior1173 Words   |  5 Pagesattributes of managing organizational behavior. This paper articulate an effective leadership approach from a biblical perspective. This paper describe core attributes and their roles for managing behavior. This paper presents linkage and support form scripture in the Bible. I have integrate biblical principles about leaders and leadership behavior. Lastly, this paper presents the distinctions from popular models in purpose and perceptive. My paper will discuss my beliefs on managing organizational behaviorRead MoreThe Value Of Ethical Conduct And Managing Div ersity Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Issue: The Value of Ethical Conduct and Managing Diversity Review of Subject This essay explores what Organizational Behavior (OB) is and the value of ethical conduct, and discusses the methods of managing diversity taking into consideration socializing and organization culture. OB is a study of the people in organization, about how they work, and how they produce results. Organizational ethical conducts are those morally accepted by the employees, the customers, and the public. It couldRead MoreMgt 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class1190 Words   |  5 PagesMGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/mgt-312-organizational-behavior-for-manager-complete-class/ To Get this Tutorial Copy Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) MGT 312 Week 1 Knowledge Check Study Guide MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purposeRead MoreValley National Bank ( Vnb )1063 Words   |  5 Pagesheadquartered in Boca Raton with 21 branches in southeast and central Florida. 1st United Bank, which has grown both organically and through opportunistic acquisitions, shared VNB’s conservative underwriting standards, and perhaps more importantly, an organizational culture that despite its multiple origins along several acquisitions, worked successfully as one Bank. In 2009, 1st United had acquired Republic Federal Bank after it failed (FDIC Press Release). Soon after in 2010, it took control of Bank of

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Pyrimidines free essay sample

General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new pyrimidines via a novel chalcone series Amit R. Trivedi, Dipti K. Dodiya, Naresh R. Ravat, and Viresh H. Shah* Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot (Gujarat), India, Pin-360005 E-mail: [emailprotected] com Abstract In the present investigation ethyl 2-(4-carboxyphenylazo)acetoacetate 1 on condensation with various aromatic aldehydes in ethanolic NaOH solution yielded the corresponding chalcones 2a-j. These chalcones were further reacted with urea in the presence of base in ethanol, which led to the formation of pyrimidine derivatives 3a-j. The newly synthesized heterocyles were characterized on the basis of their chemical properties and spectroscopic data. All newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Keywords: Pyrimidine, antimycobacterial, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is by far the most frequently encountered mycobacterial disease in the world. Although its incidence has diminished significantly in the industrially more developed countries; it remains a major public health problem in most of the developing nations. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Pyrimidines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tuberculosis is still the single largest infection having a high mortality rate and 0. 1 to 0. 3 percent of the population become infected each year in the developed countries. This year, 2 million people may develop the disease and 30 million may die worldwide (as per a WHO report). It is commonly known that Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed resistance to the majority of the existing drugs. However, powerful new anti-TB drugs with new mechanisms of action have not been developed in the last forty years. In the developing countries, the annual infection rate is 20–50 times greater than in the developed countries and its high level shows little or no downward trend. It is expected that development of new effective anti-TB drugs will bring various outcomes viz: shortening the total duration of therapy, reducing the total expenditure and treatment of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) by single dosage regiment. ,3 In pursuit of achieving this goal, our research efforts are focused on the development of novel structural moieties having antimycobacterial properties. 4,5 Chalcones have various biological activities such as cytotoxic,5 ISSN 1551-7012 Page 131 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 antimalarial,6 antioxidant,7 tyrosinase Inhibitory,8 anti-inflammatory,9 cancer chemopreventive9 and antibacterial. 10 Several pyrimidine deri vatives have wide varieties of usages and its nucleus is also present in vitamin B2 and folic acid. Pyrimidine heterocycles possessing hydroxyl group has a unique place in medicinal chemistry,11 and also plays a vital role in biological processes12, 13 as well as synthetic drugs. 14 Pyrimidines are associated with various therapeutic activities e. g. , anti-HIV,15 anti-tubercular,16 antitumor,17 antineoplastic,18 anti-inflammatory,19 diuretic,20 antimalaria,21 cardiovascular. 22 To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous reports of analogous pyrimidines and parent chalcones as antituberculosis agents. However, there are numerous examples of nitrogen containing heterocycles being used to treat TB, for example Clofazimine, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide. These compounds provide structural precedence that our chalcone and pyrimidine analogues may lead to the generation of novel anti-TB therapeutics. Herein the synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of novel chalcone and pyrimidine derivatives are described. Results and Discussion Chemistry The synthesis of chalcone and pyrimidine derivatives was performed following the steps shown in Scheme-1. In the initial step, chalcones (2a-j) were synthesized by condensing 2-(4carboxyphenylazo)acetoacetate23 1 with appropriate arometic aldehydes in dilute ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature. The compounds (3a-j) were synthesized by reacting the appropriate chalcone with urea and potassium hydroxide in ethanol. The purity of the compounds was determined by TLC and elemental analysis. Spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR and Mass) of all the newly synthesized compounds were in full agreement with the proposed structures. ISSN 1551-7012 Page 132 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 O OH O OH + R-CHO NaOH/EtOH -C2H5OH -CO2 O N N O N N CH3 ? ? R (1) O (2a-j) OC2H5 O H2N KOH/EtOH NH2 O OH N R= Phenyl, 2-Hydroxyphenyl, 4- Hydroxyphenyl, 2-Nitrophenyl, 3- Nitrophenyl, 2-Chlorophenyl, 4-Methoxyphenyl, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl, Styryl, 2-Furyl, N R (3a-j) N NH OH Scheme 1 The possible mechanism involved in the formation of dihydropyrimidine derivatives (3a-j) from the respective chalcones (2a-j) is shown below. ISSN 1551-7012 Page 133 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 R H O H2 N R R NH2 R + O KOH Conjugated addition NH +H NH R OH H2N O R OH H2N O R H NH +H H R R NH -H2O O R N H NH R OH N H O R OH2 N H O HO R N N = O Biological screening Microbiology The in vitro activities of the synthesized compounds (2a-j 3a-j) for tuberculosis inhibition against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC27294) strain were performed using the micro plate alamar blue assay (MABA)24 method at TAACF. Compounds exhibiting fluorescence are tested in a BACTEC-460 radiometric system25, 26 and/or broth micro dilution assay. The activities are expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, Â µg/mL) and are summarized in Table 1. Compounds demonstrating at least 90 % inhibition were re-tested at lower concentrations to determine the actual MIC, a value defined as the lowest concentration inhibiting ? 90% of the inoculums relative to the control. Antimycobacterial activity Twenty compounds were screened for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using a BACTEC-460 radiometric system. Among the chalcones 2a-j and pyrimidines 3a-j, compounds 3d, 3e and 3g produced the highest efficacy and exhibited ;90% inhibition at 6. 5 ? Â µg/ml in the primary screen (Table 1). Compounds 2a-j, 3a-c, 3f and 3h-j exhibited ;90% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 6. 25 Â µg/mL (Table 1). These antimycobacterial data clearly indicated that the presence of 2-nitro, 3-nitro and 4-methoxy substitution on chalcone produced remarkable improvements in antitubercular activity. ISSN 1551-7012 Page 134 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 Table 1. In vitro antimyc obacterial screening data of 2a-j 3a-j Sr. No. a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 2i 2j 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 3g 3h 3i 3j R Phenyl 2-Hydroxyphenyl 4- Hydroxyphenyl 2-Nitrophenyl 3- Nitrophenyl 2-Chlorophenyl 4-Methoxyphenyl 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl Styryl 2-Furyl Phenyl 2-Hydroxyphenyl 4- Hydroxyphenyl 2-Nitrophenyl 3- Nitrophenyl 2-Chlorophenyl 4-Methoxyphenyl 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl Styryl 2-Furyl Molecular Formula C17H14N2O3 C17H14N2O4 C17H14N2O4 C17H13N3O5 C17H13N3O5 C17H13N2O3Cl C18H16N2O4 C18H16N2O5 C19H16N2O3 C15H12N2O4 C18H16N4O3 C18H16N4O4 C18H16N4O4 C18H15N5O5 C18H15N5O5 C18H15N4O3Cl C19H18N4O4 C19H18N4O5 C20H18N4O3 C16H14N4O4 MIC Â µg/mL

Sab Miller Essay Example

Sab Miller Essay Background of SABMiller: * Founded in 1895 in South Africa as South African Breweries (SAB) * 1948-1994: bad effects from â€Å"apartheid† regime. The investments from and to South Africa were restricted. So SAB had to focus on dominating domestic market through acquisition of competitors and increasing the efficiency of production and distribution facilities. * By 1979, SAB hold 99% market share in South Africa and play the leading role in other markets in the region. * 1978 SAB acquired Sun City casino resort * In 1990s, SAB focus on expanding throughout Africa region. The changing in South Africa political system (the establishment of multiracial democracy in S. A. ) made the progress easier * By 2000, SAB dominated the southern Africa, competition is lesser, but no room for expansion * In 1993, SAB acquired Dreher, Hungary’s largest brewery. This was the company first acquisition outside Africa. * In 1990s, SAB continued to expand to under-developed markets. In 1994, SAB formed a joint venture in China, China Resources Snow Breweries, and added China’s biggest beer brand, Snow, to its portfolio. After that were some acquisitions in Eastern Europe (Lech, Tyskie†¦) * By 2001, by focusing on emerging markets, SAB became the world’s fifth largest brewer by volume, with breweries in 24 countries across the globe. * In 1999, SAB listed on London Stock Exchange (LSE) * In 2002, SAB acquired a major brand in developed market: Miller Brewing Company, the 2nd largest in US. SAB then became SABMiller, the 2nd largest brewery by volume in the world. * In the first year operating SABMiller operating Miller, its US market share dropped from 19. 6% to 18. 7%. Miller’s product portfolio would be rationalization from 50 brands to 11 or 12. In 2003, the company made its first significant acquisition in Western Europe when it acquired Italy’s BirraPeroni. * In 2005, SABMiller merged with GrupoEmpresarial Bavaria, the 2nd largest brewer in South America. Latin America became the 2nd largest source of profits after South Africa. Anglo-South African brewing giant SABMill er is the worlds second-largest brewing company in terms of both market capitalisation and group revenues, behind US-Belgian giant Anheuser-Busch InBev. The company has a huge global footprint; it is present in: Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and North America via its MillerCoors joint venture. We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The brewer has four global brands Grolsch, Miller Genuine Draft, Peroni and Pilsner Urquell in addition to a massive 192 regional brands. SWOT Analysis Strengths A diverse geographic footprint provides protection from demand downturns in specific regions/markets Massive emerging market exposure means the firm has access to underdeveloped, high-growth markets A vast range of local and international brands means that the company has multiple pricing points and can target consumers within different income ranges First mover advantage, and significant dominance in many operating markets gives the firm significant pricing power Weaknesses While Asia contributes significantly to volumes, it does not to revenues or earnings meaning that the firm is not fully exploiting the potential of the Asian consumer A reliance on EMs, while good for growth, is not supportive of sales growth among higher-end, premium brands Opportunities The company has a massive footprint in underdeveloped African beer markets and will enjoy first mover advantage there as the consumer story in the region develops Large scale Mamp;A would enable SABMiller to boost revenues and consolidate its position as one of the global brewing behemoths Even as emerging beer markets mature, premiumisation as value sales growth takes over from volume will emerge as another growth stimulant for the company Threats Competition in EMs could undermine SABMillers dominance and certainly its pricing power in markets in which it was formerly dominant Government legislation, triggered by health concerns, or excise-raising initiatives, could undermine demand and impede growth For the lowest-income groups in EMs, formal alcoholic drinks channels remain discretionary and demand is thus severely negatively impacted by periods of economic weakness Strategy Difficult to believe in an industry that has consolidated so rapidly over the last five years to the point where the worlds top five brewers control an estimated 50% of the global market, but another potentially final round of beer industry consolidation could be on its way. In spite of denials from the takeover targets themselves, over the last few months rumours have linked Turkish giant Efes, African major Castel Group and Australias Fosters Group with possible sales. SABMiller, as it seeks to keep pace with global market leader Anheuser-Busch InBev and to retain the robust revenue, volume and earnings growth momentum it had enjoyed up until late 2008s global downturn, is likely to be at the forefront of this potential consolidation bout. However, competition for what is an ever-depleting pool of attractive takeover targets in the beer industry is likely to be intense and SABMiller will need to balance its mergers and acquisitions efforts with an ongoing organic push into emerging and frontier markets if it is to retain its dominant position and investor popularity. Emerging Markets Strategy Dominating In Terms Of EM ExposureAlcoholic Drink Players Emerging Market Sales Index (last financial year) NB BMI estimate based on geographic reporting and company statements. Source: Investor Relations | In BMIs new Alcohol EMSI (Emerging Markets Sales Index), SABMiller is head and shoulders above its peers in terms of EM exposure. The company has a huge and diverse EM footprint and interestingly also very substantial frontier market exposure. Arguably SABMiller would give most fast-moving-consumer-goods companies a run for their money in terms of how fast and successfully it has moved into EMs and this has enabled the company to ride the sensational EM demand story that has played out over the last 10 years or more. Of course, with EMs to remain growth outperformers, this geographic footprint continues to represent a massive opportunity for SABMiller. Significant also is the divergence between SABMillers regional sales breakdown in terms of revenues and in terms of volumes. SABMillers early forays into high-growth EMs mean that it has penetrated markets with low existing per capita beer consumption rates. This has been a major driver of volume sales growth in recent years. However, even as consumption reaches more typical levels, these markets will continue to represent major growth opportunities as economy beer drinkers trade up to mass-market products and mass-market drinkers trade up to premium beers. This should place significant momentum behind SABMillers revenue and earnings growth in the years to come. Pricing Strategy A Mixed BagSABMiller FY10 Volumes and Revenues by Region (%) NB Financial year ending March. Source: SABMiller Investor Relations | Nonetheless, there are barriers to realising these potential gains. SABMiller has enjoyed first mover advantage in many of the EMs in which it operates it is one of the only brewers with substantial exposure to Africa for example. Its early forays mean that it has enjoyed a considerable degree of pricing power in these markets which has been earnings supportive. However, as EMs crowd and global rivals expand in an attempt to re-weight their global portfolios, SABMiller is finding this pricing power if not its leading position under threat. This is already evident in South Africa. SABMiller controls some 90% of the local market and yet the local Heineken and Diageo joint venture has steadily managed to grow its share of the premium market at a time when interest in premium brands is building. Sustained expansion into EMs even allowing for the fact that entry and expansion opportunities are increasingly hard to come by will be vital in enabling SABMiller to offset this renewed competition. It demonstrated its commitment to this strategy when it acquired Argentine brewer Casa Isenbeck in late November 2010. The acquisition leaves SABMiller a distant third in volume terms in Argentina and yet this could represent an important platform from which to continue expanding in Latin America and a vital tool in retaining its strong regional position. A flexible, nuanced pricing structure will also be a vital tool in enabling SABMiller to ward of EM competition. The company did manage to successfully pass on some price increases to its consumers in a number of its key markets in line with economic improvements in these markets. However, it has matched this with a focus on low-cost beer in some of its more fledgling markets, particularly in Africa, which has been volume supportive. The massive breadth of the companys brand portfolio has and will remain instrumental here it has the ability to tailor its product offering very specifically to the needs of its target market; furthermore, it still retains the necessary degree of pricing power to successfully pass on some price increases. Mamp;A Strategy Despite having been an early frontrunner in terms of Mamp;A (most notable being its acquisition of Miller Brewing for US$5. bn back in 2002 and the US$7. 8bn purchase of Colombias Bavaria in 2005), SABMiller has been quieter in terms of Mamp;A in recent years. Massive demand growth in EMs means it has managed to keep pace with its peers in terms of revenue growth, while its EM footprint means it has also remained an investor favourite. While Anheuser-Busch merged with InBev and Carlsberg and Heineken acquired and then divvied up the assets of Scottish amp; Newcastle, SABMiller has been more focused on its organic growth strategy. We do expect this to change though and we expect SABMiller to go for either Castel Group or the beer assets of Fosters Group in the near future. Both are a good fit. Taking over Castel (or more specifically Brasseries amp;GlaceriesInternationales (BGI), Castels African beer business) would certainly strengthen SABMillers pan-African competitiveness, turning it into a truly dominant African player and making it very hard for any latecomer to the market to gain traction. BGI is very well positioned in Angola, Cameroon and the Maghreb region. If SABMiller were to close the deal, it would then be present in 36 of the 53 African countries. Then there is Fosters. Taking over Fosters would turn SABMiller into the market leader in a high-margin, high-consumption country, dramatically inflating the firms revenue outlook. Yes this would be at odds with an historic focus on EMs, but BMI has repeatedly stressed that a balanced portfolio, combining high-spending but lower-growth markets and high-growth but low immediate return markets represents the best chance of short, medium and long term success. With both a good fit, necessity could also be a factor in SABMillers motivation. AB InBev continues to pare down the substantial debts it incurred during its merger and were it to re-embark on the acquisition trail as its sustained circling of GrupoModelo suggests it will SABMiller could suddenly find itself a long way back and with few remaining assets up for grabs via which to catch up. Conclusion | We expect SABMiller to continue to drive growth throw three key mechanisms: * Continued push into EMs, primarily organic although snapping up smaller assets where available * Tailored differential pricing strategy, price increases where they can be pushed through, but economy push in lower-income markets * A return to large-scale Mamp;A via either Castel Group or Fosters beer assets Increased competition and the threat of SABMiller losing some of its, until now, massive pricing power remains a risk to the company. Price increases too could become problematic should demand weakness return in some of the markets in which SABMiller has to date successfully implemented hikes (although note that a hugely diverse portfolio does give the firm protection from this to some degree). A final risk we would note is the impact that excise rate hikes have had and will continue to have on beer demand in a number of SABMillers key operating markets this has already been witnessed in Russia and Colombia, while regulatory challenges have also taken their toll in India.