Managing Organizational Behavior And Management - 1720 Words

Managing organizational behavior Managing organizational behavior is a complex issue which requires application of various managerial skills and competencies. In order for the management to be effective in carrying out its functions of controlling, leading, planning and organizing which more often than not involve the participation of the non-managerial staff, it needs to be effective in managing the behavior of its employees. Effective motivation of employees and observation of ethics in dealing with the staff greatly influences the effectiveness of the management. This paper is going to use a real life example from an experience I had while doing a part time job at a certain organization to illustrate the relevance of ethics and effective behavior management in organizations. The paper will also give suggestions of solutions that can be used to deal with the problem in the case study and other relevant problems in organizations. This paper will be discussed while paying close attention to the managerial concepts and theories as learned in class. Life experiences and encounters in organizations go a long way in helping one to understand and interpret the managerial theories and concepts learned in class. My most applicable case as far as the concepts and theories learned in class has to do with a particular hotel in Los Angeles where I was working as a part time employee after high school. It was a mid-sized hotel with 12 employees. I used to work as a cashier andShow MoreRelatedStudy of Organizational Behavior and the Effective Management of People948 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Kseniia Derkach Organizational Behavior I believe that the relationship between the study of Organizational Behavior and the effective management of people in organizations is absolutely direct. It is impossible to manage people in organization effectively without knowledge about OB, organizational structure, communicational skills, empoyees’ satisfaction, motivation, change process, etc. It is impossible to solve any problem or conflict in the organization without understanding of the rulesRead MoreMGT 312 Entire Course1103 Words   |  5 PagesWEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper       Write  a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purpose of organizational behavior. Explain the main components of organizational behavior.  MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Provide examples of how these organizational behavior components relate to your workplace. How will knowledge of organizational behavior benefit you as a manager? 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My paper will discuss my beliefs on managing organizational behaviorRead MoreThe Value Of Ethical Conduct And Managing Div ersity Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Issue: The Value of Ethical Conduct and Managing Diversity Review of Subject This essay explores what Organizational Behavior (OB) is and the value of ethical conduct, and discusses the methods of managing diversity taking into consideration socializing and organization culture. OB is a study of the people in organization, about how they work, and how they produce results. Organizational ethical conducts are those morally accepted by the employees, the customers, and the public. It couldRead MoreMgt 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class1190 Words   |  5 PagesMGT 312 Organizational Behavior for Manager Complete Class http://homeworkfy.com/downloads/mgt-312-organizational-behavior-for-manager-complete-class/ To Get this Tutorial Copy Paste above URL Into Your Browser Hit Us Email for Any Inquiry at: Homeworkfy@gmail.com Visit our Site for More Tutorials: (http://homeworkfy.com/ ) MGT 312 Week 1 Knowledge Check Study Guide MGT 312 WEEK 1 Organizational Behavior Paper Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper explaining the role and purposeRead MoreValley National Bank ( Vnb )1063 Words   |  5 Pagesheadquartered in Boca Raton with 21 branches in southeast and central Florida. 1st United Bank, which has grown both organically and through opportunistic acquisitions, shared VNB’s conservative underwriting standards, and perhaps more importantly, an organizational culture that despite its multiple origins along several acquisitions, worked successfully as one Bank. In 2009, 1st United had acquired Republic Federal Bank after it failed (FDIC Press Release). Soon after in 2010, it took control of Bank of

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Pyrimidines free essay sample

General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new pyrimidines via a novel chalcone series Amit R. Trivedi, Dipti K. Dodiya, Naresh R. Ravat, and Viresh H. Shah* Department of Chemistry, Saurashtra University, Rajkot (Gujarat), India, Pin-360005 E-mail: [emailprotected] com Abstract In the present investigation ethyl 2-(4-carboxyphenylazo)acetoacetate 1 on condensation with various aromatic aldehydes in ethanolic NaOH solution yielded the corresponding chalcones 2a-j. These chalcones were further reacted with urea in the presence of base in ethanol, which led to the formation of pyrimidine derivatives 3a-j. The newly synthesized heterocyles were characterized on the basis of their chemical properties and spectroscopic data. All newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Keywords: Pyrimidine, antimycobacterial, Mycobacterium tuberculosis Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is by far the most frequently encountered mycobacterial disease in the world. Although its incidence has diminished significantly in the industrially more developed countries; it remains a major public health problem in most of the developing nations. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some New Pyrimidines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tuberculosis is still the single largest infection having a high mortality rate and 0. 1 to 0. 3 percent of the population become infected each year in the developed countries. This year, 2 million people may develop the disease and 30 million may die worldwide (as per a WHO report). It is commonly known that Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed resistance to the majority of the existing drugs. However, powerful new anti-TB drugs with new mechanisms of action have not been developed in the last forty years. In the developing countries, the annual infection rate is 20–50 times greater than in the developed countries and its high level shows little or no downward trend. It is expected that development of new effective anti-TB drugs will bring various outcomes viz: shortening the total duration of therapy, reducing the total expenditure and treatment of multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) by single dosage regiment. ,3 In pursuit of achieving this goal, our research efforts are focused on the development of novel structural moieties having antimycobacterial properties. 4,5 Chalcones have various biological activities such as cytotoxic,5 ISSN 1551-7012 Page 131 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 antimalarial,6 antioxidant,7 tyrosinase Inhibitory,8 anti-inflammatory,9 cancer chemopreventive9 and antibacterial. 10 Several pyrimidine deri vatives have wide varieties of usages and its nucleus is also present in vitamin B2 and folic acid. Pyrimidine heterocycles possessing hydroxyl group has a unique place in medicinal chemistry,11 and also plays a vital role in biological processes12, 13 as well as synthetic drugs. 14 Pyrimidines are associated with various therapeutic activities e. g. , anti-HIV,15 anti-tubercular,16 antitumor,17 antineoplastic,18 anti-inflammatory,19 diuretic,20 antimalaria,21 cardiovascular. 22 To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous reports of analogous pyrimidines and parent chalcones as antituberculosis agents. However, there are numerous examples of nitrogen containing heterocycles being used to treat TB, for example Clofazimine, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide. These compounds provide structural precedence that our chalcone and pyrimidine analogues may lead to the generation of novel anti-TB therapeutics. Herein the synthesis and in vitro antimycobacterial activity of novel chalcone and pyrimidine derivatives are described. Results and Discussion Chemistry The synthesis of chalcone and pyrimidine derivatives was performed following the steps shown in Scheme-1. In the initial step, chalcones (2a-j) were synthesized by condensing 2-(4carboxyphenylazo)acetoacetate23 1 with appropriate arometic aldehydes in dilute ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution at room temperature. The compounds (3a-j) were synthesized by reacting the appropriate chalcone with urea and potassium hydroxide in ethanol. The purity of the compounds was determined by TLC and elemental analysis. Spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR and Mass) of all the newly synthesized compounds were in full agreement with the proposed structures. ISSN 1551-7012 Page 132 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 O OH O OH + R-CHO NaOH/EtOH -C2H5OH -CO2 O N N O N N CH3 ? ? R (1) O (2a-j) OC2H5 O H2N KOH/EtOH NH2 O OH N R= Phenyl, 2-Hydroxyphenyl, 4- Hydroxyphenyl, 2-Nitrophenyl, 3- Nitrophenyl, 2-Chlorophenyl, 4-Methoxyphenyl, 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl, Styryl, 2-Furyl, N R (3a-j) N NH OH Scheme 1 The possible mechanism involved in the formation of dihydropyrimidine derivatives (3a-j) from the respective chalcones (2a-j) is shown below. ISSN 1551-7012 Page 133 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 R H O H2 N R R NH2 R + O KOH Conjugated addition NH +H NH R OH H2N O R OH H2N O R H NH +H H R R NH -H2O O R N H NH R OH N H O R OH2 N H O HO R N N = O Biological screening Microbiology The in vitro activities of the synthesized compounds (2a-j 3a-j) for tuberculosis inhibition against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC27294) strain were performed using the micro plate alamar blue assay (MABA)24 method at TAACF. Compounds exhibiting fluorescence are tested in a BACTEC-460 radiometric system25, 26 and/or broth micro dilution assay. The activities are expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, Â µg/mL) and are summarized in Table 1. Compounds demonstrating at least 90 % inhibition were re-tested at lower concentrations to determine the actual MIC, a value defined as the lowest concentration inhibiting ? 90% of the inoculums relative to the control. Antimycobacterial activity Twenty compounds were screened for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using a BACTEC-460 radiometric system. Among the chalcones 2a-j and pyrimidines 3a-j, compounds 3d, 3e and 3g produced the highest efficacy and exhibited ;90% inhibition at 6. 5 ? Â µg/ml in the primary screen (Table 1). Compounds 2a-j, 3a-c, 3f and 3h-j exhibited ;90% inhibition against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 6. 25 Â µg/mL (Table 1). These antimycobacterial data clearly indicated that the presence of 2-nitro, 3-nitro and 4-methoxy substitution on chalcone produced remarkable improvements in antitubercular activity. ISSN 1551-7012 Page 134 Â © ARKAT USA, Inc. General Papers ARKIVOC 2008 (xi) 131-141 Table 1. In vitro antimyc obacterial screening data of 2a-j 3a-j Sr. No. a 2b 2c 2d 2e 2f 2g 2h 2i 2j 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 3g 3h 3i 3j R Phenyl 2-Hydroxyphenyl 4- Hydroxyphenyl 2-Nitrophenyl 3- Nitrophenyl 2-Chlorophenyl 4-Methoxyphenyl 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl Styryl 2-Furyl Phenyl 2-Hydroxyphenyl 4- Hydroxyphenyl 2-Nitrophenyl 3- Nitrophenyl 2-Chlorophenyl 4-Methoxyphenyl 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl Styryl 2-Furyl Molecular Formula C17H14N2O3 C17H14N2O4 C17H14N2O4 C17H13N3O5 C17H13N3O5 C17H13N2O3Cl C18H16N2O4 C18H16N2O5 C19H16N2O3 C15H12N2O4 C18H16N4O3 C18H16N4O4 C18H16N4O4 C18H15N5O5 C18H15N5O5 C18H15N4O3Cl C19H18N4O4 C19H18N4O5 C20H18N4O3 C16H14N4O4 MIC Â µg/mL

Sab Miller Essay Example

Sab Miller Essay Background of SABMiller: * Founded in 1895 in South Africa as South African Breweries (SAB) * 1948-1994: bad effects from â€Å"apartheid† regime. The investments from and to South Africa were restricted. So SAB had to focus on dominating domestic market through acquisition of competitors and increasing the efficiency of production and distribution facilities. * By 1979, SAB hold 99% market share in South Africa and play the leading role in other markets in the region. * 1978 SAB acquired Sun City casino resort * In 1990s, SAB focus on expanding throughout Africa region. The changing in South Africa political system (the establishment of multiracial democracy in S. A. ) made the progress easier * By 2000, SAB dominated the southern Africa, competition is lesser, but no room for expansion * In 1993, SAB acquired Dreher, Hungary’s largest brewery. This was the company first acquisition outside Africa. * In 1990s, SAB continued to expand to under-developed markets. In 1994, SAB formed a joint venture in China, China Resources Snow Breweries, and added China’s biggest beer brand, Snow, to its portfolio. After that were some acquisitions in Eastern Europe (Lech, Tyskie†¦) * By 2001, by focusing on emerging markets, SAB became the world’s fifth largest brewer by volume, with breweries in 24 countries across the globe. * In 1999, SAB listed on London Stock Exchange (LSE) * In 2002, SAB acquired a major brand in developed market: Miller Brewing Company, the 2nd largest in US. SAB then became SABMiller, the 2nd largest brewery by volume in the world. * In the first year operating SABMiller operating Miller, its US market share dropped from 19. 6% to 18. 7%. Miller’s product portfolio would be rationalization from 50 brands to 11 or 12. In 2003, the company made its first significant acquisition in Western Europe when it acquired Italy’s BirraPeroni. * In 2005, SABMiller merged with GrupoEmpresarial Bavaria, the 2nd largest brewer in South America. Latin America became the 2nd largest source of profits after South Africa. Anglo-South African brewing giant SABMill er is the worlds second-largest brewing company in terms of both market capitalisation and group revenues, behind US-Belgian giant Anheuser-Busch InBev. The company has a huge global footprint; it is present in: Latin America, Africa, Europe, Asia and North America via its MillerCoors joint venture. We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sab Miller specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The brewer has four global brands Grolsch, Miller Genuine Draft, Peroni and Pilsner Urquell in addition to a massive 192 regional brands. SWOT Analysis Strengths A diverse geographic footprint provides protection from demand downturns in specific regions/markets Massive emerging market exposure means the firm has access to underdeveloped, high-growth markets A vast range of local and international brands means that the company has multiple pricing points and can target consumers within different income ranges First mover advantage, and significant dominance in many operating markets gives the firm significant pricing power Weaknesses While Asia contributes significantly to volumes, it does not to revenues or earnings meaning that the firm is not fully exploiting the potential of the Asian consumer A reliance on EMs, while good for growth, is not supportive of sales growth among higher-end, premium brands Opportunities The company has a massive footprint in underdeveloped African beer markets and will enjoy first mover advantage there as the consumer story in the region develops Large scale Mamp;A would enable SABMiller to boost revenues and consolidate its position as one of the global brewing behemoths Even as emerging beer markets mature, premiumisation as value sales growth takes over from volume will emerge as another growth stimulant for the company Threats Competition in EMs could undermine SABMillers dominance and certainly its pricing power in markets in which it was formerly dominant Government legislation, triggered by health concerns, or excise-raising initiatives, could undermine demand and impede growth For the lowest-income groups in EMs, formal alcoholic drinks channels remain discretionary and demand is thus severely negatively impacted by periods of economic weakness Strategy Difficult to believe in an industry that has consolidated so rapidly over the last five years to the point where the worlds top five brewers control an estimated 50% of the global market, but another potentially final round of beer industry consolidation could be on its way. In spite of denials from the takeover targets themselves, over the last few months rumours have linked Turkish giant Efes, African major Castel Group and Australias Fosters Group with possible sales. SABMiller, as it seeks to keep pace with global market leader Anheuser-Busch InBev and to retain the robust revenue, volume and earnings growth momentum it had enjoyed up until late 2008s global downturn, is likely to be at the forefront of this potential consolidation bout. However, competition for what is an ever-depleting pool of attractive takeover targets in the beer industry is likely to be intense and SABMiller will need to balance its mergers and acquisitions efforts with an ongoing organic push into emerging and frontier markets if it is to retain its dominant position and investor popularity. Emerging Markets Strategy Dominating In Terms Of EM ExposureAlcoholic Drink Players Emerging Market Sales Index (last financial year) NB BMI estimate based on geographic reporting and company statements. Source: Investor Relations | In BMIs new Alcohol EMSI (Emerging Markets Sales Index), SABMiller is head and shoulders above its peers in terms of EM exposure. The company has a huge and diverse EM footprint and interestingly also very substantial frontier market exposure. Arguably SABMiller would give most fast-moving-consumer-goods companies a run for their money in terms of how fast and successfully it has moved into EMs and this has enabled the company to ride the sensational EM demand story that has played out over the last 10 years or more. Of course, with EMs to remain growth outperformers, this geographic footprint continues to represent a massive opportunity for SABMiller. Significant also is the divergence between SABMillers regional sales breakdown in terms of revenues and in terms of volumes. SABMillers early forays into high-growth EMs mean that it has penetrated markets with low existing per capita beer consumption rates. This has been a major driver of volume sales growth in recent years. However, even as consumption reaches more typical levels, these markets will continue to represent major growth opportunities as economy beer drinkers trade up to mass-market products and mass-market drinkers trade up to premium beers. This should place significant momentum behind SABMillers revenue and earnings growth in the years to come. Pricing Strategy A Mixed BagSABMiller FY10 Volumes and Revenues by Region (%) NB Financial year ending March. Source: SABMiller Investor Relations | Nonetheless, there are barriers to realising these potential gains. SABMiller has enjoyed first mover advantage in many of the EMs in which it operates it is one of the only brewers with substantial exposure to Africa for example. Its early forays mean that it has enjoyed a considerable degree of pricing power in these markets which has been earnings supportive. However, as EMs crowd and global rivals expand in an attempt to re-weight their global portfolios, SABMiller is finding this pricing power if not its leading position under threat. This is already evident in South Africa. SABMiller controls some 90% of the local market and yet the local Heineken and Diageo joint venture has steadily managed to grow its share of the premium market at a time when interest in premium brands is building. Sustained expansion into EMs even allowing for the fact that entry and expansion opportunities are increasingly hard to come by will be vital in enabling SABMiller to offset this renewed competition. It demonstrated its commitment to this strategy when it acquired Argentine brewer Casa Isenbeck in late November 2010. The acquisition leaves SABMiller a distant third in volume terms in Argentina and yet this could represent an important platform from which to continue expanding in Latin America and a vital tool in retaining its strong regional position. A flexible, nuanced pricing structure will also be a vital tool in enabling SABMiller to ward of EM competition. The company did manage to successfully pass on some price increases to its consumers in a number of its key markets in line with economic improvements in these markets. However, it has matched this with a focus on low-cost beer in some of its more fledgling markets, particularly in Africa, which has been volume supportive. The massive breadth of the companys brand portfolio has and will remain instrumental here it has the ability to tailor its product offering very specifically to the needs of its target market; furthermore, it still retains the necessary degree of pricing power to successfully pass on some price increases. Mamp;A Strategy Despite having been an early frontrunner in terms of Mamp;A (most notable being its acquisition of Miller Brewing for US$5. bn back in 2002 and the US$7. 8bn purchase of Colombias Bavaria in 2005), SABMiller has been quieter in terms of Mamp;A in recent years. Massive demand growth in EMs means it has managed to keep pace with its peers in terms of revenue growth, while its EM footprint means it has also remained an investor favourite. While Anheuser-Busch merged with InBev and Carlsberg and Heineken acquired and then divvied up the assets of Scottish amp; Newcastle, SABMiller has been more focused on its organic growth strategy. We do expect this to change though and we expect SABMiller to go for either Castel Group or the beer assets of Fosters Group in the near future. Both are a good fit. Taking over Castel (or more specifically Brasseries amp;GlaceriesInternationales (BGI), Castels African beer business) would certainly strengthen SABMillers pan-African competitiveness, turning it into a truly dominant African player and making it very hard for any latecomer to the market to gain traction. BGI is very well positioned in Angola, Cameroon and the Maghreb region. If SABMiller were to close the deal, it would then be present in 36 of the 53 African countries. Then there is Fosters. Taking over Fosters would turn SABMiller into the market leader in a high-margin, high-consumption country, dramatically inflating the firms revenue outlook. Yes this would be at odds with an historic focus on EMs, but BMI has repeatedly stressed that a balanced portfolio, combining high-spending but lower-growth markets and high-growth but low immediate return markets represents the best chance of short, medium and long term success. With both a good fit, necessity could also be a factor in SABMillers motivation. AB InBev continues to pare down the substantial debts it incurred during its merger and were it to re-embark on the acquisition trail as its sustained circling of GrupoModelo suggests it will SABMiller could suddenly find itself a long way back and with few remaining assets up for grabs via which to catch up. Conclusion | We expect SABMiller to continue to drive growth throw three key mechanisms: * Continued push into EMs, primarily organic although snapping up smaller assets where available * Tailored differential pricing strategy, price increases where they can be pushed through, but economy push in lower-income markets * A return to large-scale Mamp;A via either Castel Group or Fosters beer assets Increased competition and the threat of SABMiller losing some of its, until now, massive pricing power remains a risk to the company. Price increases too could become problematic should demand weakness return in some of the markets in which SABMiller has to date successfully implemented hikes (although note that a hugely diverse portfolio does give the firm protection from this to some degree). A final risk we would note is the impact that excise rate hikes have had and will continue to have on beer demand in a number of SABMillers key operating markets this has already been witnessed in Russia and Colombia, while regulatory challenges have also taken their toll in India.

5 Proofreading Habits You Should Adopt Immediately

5 Proofreading Habits You Should Adopt Immediately In a blog published on his website Career Talk Pro, writer and consultant Brian Hirth lists a collection of some of the worst rà ©sumà © typos and faulty word choice examples hes seen. However hilarious they might be to read over in retrospect, the job seekers who submitted these words and phrases in their rà ©sumà ©s and cover letters likely didnt find the lost opportunity funny.Here are a few of the most egregious mistakes:i am a prefectionist and rarely if if ever forget details.Proven ability to track down and correct erors.Lurnt Word Perfect computor and spreadsheet pogroms.Develop an annual operating expense fudget.In my 3rd year of BA houners English.Received a plague for salesman of the yearMy role included typing in details of accounts, customer liaison and money-laundering duties.Extra Circular ActivitiesAt secondary school I was a prefixIn my spare time I enjoy hiding my horseDear Madman (instead of Madam)My hobbits includeRestaurant skills: Severing customersIm an acc urate and rabid typistObviously, these mistakes would have never made it into the final draft if the writer had proofread correctly, or had someone else look over their rà ©sumà © and cover letter before submitting it to a potential employer. In cases like these, Im sure it was very clear to the employers that the applicants didnt want the jobs enough to ensure these mistakes were corrected. Such mistakes look unprofessional and careless- two qualities that employers avoid in employees.Proofreading your work is not only smart- it can make or break your chances of getting a job, earning a promotion, or completing a degree. As with any skill, developing useful habits can help ensure that any content you submit, both professionally and personally, leaves the best impression.Developing useful proofreading habits can help you achieve professional success. Photo by Brooke Lark on Unsplash.Habit #1: Know your tendenciesDo you often confuse your and youre? Or maybe you have a habit of wri ting run-on sentences? Keep these tendencies on a list that is easily visible whenever you sit down to write something.All writers have tendencies toward certain grammar mistakes and syntax errors. These are usually corrected the longer someone writes and works to perfect the craft of it. However, especially if you havent had a lot of experience writing- or if youre learning English as a second language- knowing your tendencies is a good way to ensure adequate proofreading whenever you write.As you develop this habit, include on your list all of the grammar, spelling, or syntax errors you tend to make. Over time, youll begin to notice patterns you can identify as tendencies in your writing, and work to correct them each time you write. Being aware of the type of mistakes you often make is the first step to becoming a better writer (and proofreader).Habit #2: Print it outAfter youve written something, if you have access to a printer, go ahead and print it out. Proofreading your work after printing out a hard copy does several things:It allows you to make corrections directly on the paper for a visual understanding of your error tendencies (see habit #1).It gives your eyes a rest while proofreading, after staring at a screen. According to this article by the American Optometric Association, Computer Vision Syndrome, also referred to as Digital Eye Strain, is a vision-related problem that can happen after prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader and cell phone use. According to the article, to help alleviate digital eye strain, follow the 20-20-20 rule; take a 20-second break to view something 20 feet away every 20 minutes.Heres another great reason to print it out:Viewing a computer or digital screen is different than reading a printed page. Often the letters on the computer or handheld device are not as precise or sharply defined, the level of contrast of the letters to the background is reduced, and the presence of glare and reflections on the screen may make view ing difficult.Viewing distances and angles used for this type of work are also often different from those commonly used for other reading or writing tasks. As a result, the eye focusing and eye movement requirements for digital screen viewing can place additional demands on the visual system.American Optometric AssociationHabit #3: Find a second pair of eyesSpeaking of eyes, even the most seasoned writers know to have someone else look over their work before it is published. Sometimes, you can write a phrase or word so often that it seems correct, even though it isnt. This is why its always important to make the habit of finding a second pair of eyes to look over your writing.Preferably, this other reader should be a professional editor, especially if your content is extremely important for professional or academic pursuits. As a writer and editor, I would never send in an article to a magazine or a query letter to a publication without first having a fellow editor look over it for me. There have often been small details I missed after writing a piece that another editor will catch upon first reading.Another thing that happens is after you focus so intently on writing something, your brain will often fill in words that arent on the printed page, causing you to miss the word entirely. This happens because youre overthinking the sentence or paragraph. Having another person read over your writing is the best way to catch this kind of mistake.If you cant afford to hire a professional editor, at least consider having someone look over your writing for you. This could be a friend, relative, classmate, or professional acquaintance, and could help you catch a missed error you wouldnt have otherwise seen.Find another person to be a second pair of eyes and catch mistakes you might have missed. Photo by Nonsap Visuals on Unsplash.Habit #4: Read out loudReading your work aloud is a great proofreading habit to adopt, particularly because it helps you hear mistakes you migh t otherwise miss when only reading it in your head. If a sentence doesnt sound right when read aloud, youll notice it immediately. Its one of the best habits you can adopt to ensure that everything you write is proofread correctly every single time.According to The Write Practice, reading the words aloud is a proofreading technique that will change your life. Not only does this technique help with grammar, such as knowing where punctuation should go by hearing the pauses that happen, it also helps you catch run-on sentences that leave you out of breath after reading. Reading aloud also helps you find holes in your logic or missing information that needs to be included, along with awkward word placement or repetition. Sometimes, its impossible for me to catch repetitive phrasing or words unless I read my writing aloud first. After doing so, the repetition becomes clear.Habit #5: Give it timeAnother important habit to develop for proofreading is to give it time. Preferably, after youv e written something, you should sleep on it, meaning put it aside to proofread the next day. Many writers have learned over the years that the best time to write or proofread your writing is first thing in the morning- after that first cup of coffee (if caffeine is your thing) and after youve had a restful nights sleep.If you dont have this much time, at least give yourself a few hours between writing the content and proofreading it. Not only will you be able to proofread better- youll give your brain the time to reset and prepare for the different processes copyediting requires.Heres the science behind why this is a good idea. The way the brain functions while writing (creating) is different than how it works in the proofreading process. Martin Lotze researched what the brain looked like while writing. Using an fMRI while his subjects were writing, he first had 28 writers copy an excerpt. He then had the same subjects write a short story for three minutes.During the actual writing activity, the occipital lobe (responsible for visualization) became more active, as the writers were seeing the scene take place in their minds as they wrote. During this creative process, the hippocampus and front of the brain became active, as factual information and plotline were processed. Expert writers used an additional part of their brain- the caudate nucleus, which is the region of the brain that handles automatic functions.In another study, The Science Behind What Writing Does to Your Brain by Erika Rasso, the writer explored research related to how the writing process differs from the copyediting or proofreading process. She notes:Copyediting is an action involving a complex network of different cognitive process to do. The basic building blocks of this complex network are attention and memory†¦ Retrieval from both short-term and long-term memory are required to hold the information the copyeditor is reading in their head and to reference knowledge of grammar, style and other parts of the manuscript.The Science Behind What Writing Does to Your Brain by Erika RassoAs you can see, taking time between the two processes (writing and proofreading) gives your brain the opportunity to switch gears. This is an important step to ensuring youre able to proofread while your brain is at optimal performance.Developing important habits for proofreading will help save you from embarrassing errors and any unprofessional faux pas. Learn them now and youll find that you make fewer errors the more you practice.

Four Social Media Mistakes Could Keep You From Getting Hired

Four Social Media Mistakes Could Keep You From Getting Hired You often hear about how social media can be leveraged to help you get a job, but what about when the process backfires? It happens †¦ and more often than you might think. But this doesn’t mean you need to deactivate your Facebook account and swear off Instagram forever. Instead, read up on four common social media mistakes in order to avoid these pitfalls and enjoy a productive job search. 1. Leaving Your Profile PublicA whopping 77 percent of employers use social media networking sites during the candidate recruitment process, according to a 2013 Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) study. Unless you’re up for completely whitewashing your entire social media presence in order to deliver a 100 percent professional impression, simply set your profile to private instead. With one click of the page, you remove the possibility that companies will stumble upon something on your Facebook page that could result in your elimination from consideration.2. Leaving  Unprofessional Content on Your ProfileEven if your profile is set to private, there’s no excuse for unprofessional photos. Take time to remove all potentially incriminating pictures and posts - from rants about your last boss to evidence of that one crazy night on spring break. These can only come back to haunt you.Also, keep in mind that your profile picture is visible to all - â€Å"friends† or not. Choose something professional: this photo may well be the first impression you make on a recruiter.3.  NegativityNegative or gossipy tweets and disgruntled Facebook posts about current and past jobs and bosses do not reflect well on you. This applies to those penned by you as well as others left on your profile. For employers looking to judge your work ethic, level of commitment, and sense of integrity, unprofessional comments on social media set off alarm bells.And skip the profanity while you’re at it: 63 percent of employers have reconsidered hiring candida tes based on encountering the occasional four-letter word in their profiles.4. Improper GrammarIf you think that your Facebook posts are immune from the grammar police, think again: a staggering 66 percent of recruiters factor spelling and grammar into consideration when checking out the social profiles of candidates.And don’t forget that your current â€Å"friends,† â€Å"followers,† and â€Å"connections,† are all potential future colleagues and/or employers. Careless posting

Insurance and risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Insurance and risk management - Essay Example Blue Cross and Blue Shield insurance companies differ in a number of ways, among them being the services that they offer. For instance, Blue Cross insurance specializes in the provision of medical and travel insurance. As a result of the rising cost of hospitalization and medical treatments, Blue Cross insurance, ensures that these uncertainties are covered to safeguarded American citizens. The Blue Cross travel insurance plan takes care of any medical emergency costs to ensure that people do not worry while travelling (Blue Cross Insurance Inc., 2012).. Blue Shield, on the other hand, specializes in the provision of insurance cover for buildings, equipments found both in and outside the building, coverage for company vehicle for staff, company stock as well as commercial liability. These forms of insurance cover are not provided by blue Cross insurance. Basically, Blue Cross Insurance is similar to other types of insurance with regard to the type of contracts. Firstly, just like any other form of insurance, it offers personal contracts (Blue Cross Insurance Inc., 2012). In this regard, it insures person or persons, instead of the property of these persons. This is evident from the travel insurance and its medical covers. Secondly, Blue Cross contracts are unilateral just like other types of insurance. This is evident as it makes an agreement with the insured who is expected to pay some premium, thus forcing it to perform its side of the bargain by indemnifying the insured in case of any lose suffered such those than happen in the course of a journey. Thirdly, it is evident that the contracts provided by Blue cross are conditional just like those of other insurance. This is because, before an individual enters into a contract with Blue Cross, first the insured is required to fulfill certain terms and conditions which the insured mus t perform in the event of a

Wealth and Poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wealth and Poverty - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  underdeveloped nations are those that have poor systems of governance, economic as well as welfare of the people. These countries have poorly developed infrastructure that is essential for economic development, in addition, their education system does not play a major role in empowering its people to be innovative and creative, for this reason, its people live in poverty.According to the report  wealth can be defined as the plentiful or abundance of valuable resources and possessions that can be exploited by an individual or a country. An individual, community, region or country having these resources is said to be wealthy, however, the lack of awareness about the availability of these resources and means to exploit them can leave an individual or that party being dependant. Poverty, in contrast to wealth, means a general scarcity, in this case, it may refer to an individual or state as well. Poverty, just as wealth can also be defined according to the context in which it is being derived, however; there are two main approaches to this issue, it can be absolute or relative poverty. Absolute poverty can be described as a situation where people in a certain place have minimal or no access to the basic requirements of life, which are; food, shelter and clothing. On the other hand, relative poverty refers to the situation where people are completely barred from taking part in what is considered as a normal and acceptable standard of life in a community or society in general.